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Jotham
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Jotham (Hebrew: יותם, Yōthām; Greek: Ἰωαθάμ, Iōatham; "YHWH is perfect") (783 BC-vr. 768 BC-r. 759 BC-742 BC according to Ussher,[1][2] or 775 BC-vr. 750 BC-r. 740 bC-732 BC according to Thiele[3]) was the tenth king of the Kingdom of Judah in direct line of descent. His reign is notable for a significant military victory but also for the beginning of a defensive war against Syria and the Kingdom of Israel.
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Early Life and Family
| Athaliah | Jehoram | Amariah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zibia | Ahaziah | Jehosheba | Jehoiada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joash | Jehoaddan | Zechariah I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amaziah | Jecoliah | Zadok II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uzziah | Jerushah | Azariah II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jotham | Zechariah II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahaz | Abi | Urijah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He was the son of King Uzziah and Uzziah's wife Jerushah. His father was either 43[1] or 34[3] years old when he was born.
His wife's name is not recorded in the Bible. When he was twenty-one years old, he had a son named Jehoahaz, or Ahaz for short. The time references given in the Books of the Kings indicate that Ahaz sired his own son, Hezekiah, when he, Ahaz, was only eleven years old. (This presents a problem for the Thiele system that might indeed be insurmountable: if Thiele's numbers are correct, then Ahaz sired his son when he, Ahaz, was but one year old!) Jotham most probably arranged a child marriage between his son and Abi or Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah II, who was high priest at the time. Why he so acted, the Bible does not say. Had he not so acted, then he might not have had the opportunity to arrange such a match with a high priest's daughter, because he, Jotham, would be dead within nine years, and so, apparently, would Zechariah.
Pro-rex or co-rex?
Uzziah, in the forty-second year of his reign (3237 AM766 BC
2994 He
3237 AM), foolishly tried to burn incense in the Temple of Jerusalem and was stricken with leprosy as a result. Uzziah spent the rest of his reign and life in quarantine.[4]
Therefore, at that time, Jotham had to assume the powers and duties of the crown.[4][5] (2_Kings 15:5 , 2_Chronicles 26:21 ) In Ussher's chronology, Jotham was fifteen years old at the time (and thus only one year younger than his own father was when he began to exercise affairs of state)[1]. In Thiele's system he was already twenty-five years old, and was not merely a pro-rex but a true co-rex.[3]
Accession
In the second regnal year of King Pekah of the Kingdom of Israel, Jotham attained royal dignity—either by becoming sole ruler[1] or co-rex[3]. He was twenty-five years old at the time, and would hold this dignity for sixteen years. (2_Chronicles 27:1,8 )
The Bible credits him with right acts in the sight of the Lord.[4] But it also says that he never attended any services in the Temple of Jerusalem[5] (2_Chronicles 27:2 ) nor removed any high places. (2_Kings 15:34-35 ) Sadly, the people did not follow any of his right acts—perhaps because he did not provide a sufficiently inspiring public example.
He did build the high gate of the Temple,[6] add significantly to the wall of Ophel, and build many military outposts in the mountains and forests.[6] (2_Chronicles 27:3-4 )
Wars
In the first year of his reign (or viceroyalty) he scored a great victory against the Ammonites.[6] They paid the Kingdom of Judah a tribute consisting of 100 talents of silver, 10,000 measures of wheat, and 10,000 measures of barley, for each of three successive years. (2_Chronicles 27:5 )
Toward the end of his reign, Pekah formed an alliance with Rezin, king of Syria. These two kings started a war with the Kingdom of Judah that continued until after Jotham was dead. (2_Kings 15:37 )
Death and Succession
| Jotham Born: Abib 3221 AMApril 782 BCNisan 2978 He Abib 3221 AM Died: Abib 3262 AMApril 741 BC Nisan 3019 He Abib 3262 AM | ||
| Preceded by Uzziah | King of Kingdom of Judah 3246 AM757 BC 3003 He 3246 AM–Abib 3262 AMApril 741 BC Nisan 3019 He Abib 3262 AM | Succeeded by Jehoahaz I |
Jotham died at the end of a sixteen-year reign, at the age of forty-one. His son Jehoahaz I succeeded him. The sixteen years are actually sixteen Hebrew new years' days; Jotham marked his reign by the accession-dating method.[2]
Chronological Differences
Ussher[1] gives a terminus a quo and terminus ad quem for Jotham's reign with sixteen years between them. Thiele, however, seems to suggest[3] that Jotham reigned for eighteen years, a discrepancy that begs explanation. Furthermore, Wood[3] states that Jotham installed his son Jehoahaz I as his viceroy while he himself was viceroy to his father Uzziah.
See Also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 James Ussher, The Annals of the World, Larry Pierce, ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 565, 580, 586, 598
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jones, Floyd N., The Chronology of the Old Testament, Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003, Chart 5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Leon J. Wood, A Survey of Israel's History, rev. ed. David O'Brien, Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, 1986 (ISBN 031034770X), pp. 300-301
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Authors unknown. "Entry for Jotham." WebBible Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Claiborne, Winford. "Uzziah, Jotham, and Ahaz." The International Gospel Hour. Transcript of program first broadcast on radio on November 2, 2003. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 David Holt Boshert, Jr., and David Ettinger, Jotham King of Judah, Christ-Centered Mall. Retrieved June 5, 2007
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