Biological system
From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
A biological system is a group of organs working together to perform a common function. For example, the muscular system is involved with movement, the skeletal system provides protection and support, and the circulatory system delivers nutrients and waste to and from the cells of the body. The Bible says:
For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother's womb. psalm 139:13
Each system of the body is indeed knit together. They are integrated into and reliant upon other systems, and none can function independently. The interdependence of biological systems offers strong evidence for intelligent design due to their irreducible complexity. They function synergistically in such a way that the sum of their actions is greater than the addition of the separate, individual actions.[1]
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Circulatory system
- Main Article: Circulatory system
The Circulatory system helps maintain homeostasis. It delivers gases, helps with the regulation of temperature, and the transport of nutrition and waste.[2] It consists of heart, blood, and blood vessels. There are two different types: open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.[3] Most of vertebrates have a closed circulatory system whereas most of the invertebrate have an open circulatory system.[2]
Digestive system
- Main Article: Digestive system
Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down. While some forms of digestion is rather simplistic, vertebrates accomplish the process through a complicated series of orchestrated events involving numerous independent organs. Both systems have a similar order of events in that they they intake food through the mouth or oral cavity and both excrete waste through the anus. Digestive hormones are used to help accomplish digestion.
Endocrine system
- Main Article: Endocrine system
The endocrine system is network of glands that secretes hormones (chemical signals) into the circulatory system. It is involved in keeping homeostasis (regulating the bodies internal environment) as well as carrying out many applications controlled by the sympathetic sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Excretory system
- Main Article: Excretory system
Integumentary system
- Main Article: Integumentary system
Immune system
- Main Article: Immune system
The immune system is a bodywide network of cells, tissues, and organs that was designed to defend the body against "foreign" invasions. The proper targets of the immune system are infectious organisms--bacteria such as streptococci; fungi; parasites, including the worm-like microbes that cause malaria; and viruses such as the SARS virus.[4]
Lymphatic system
- Main Article: Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system produces and transports lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system and is a major part of the immune system. The major components of the lymphatic system are lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and some other lymphatic organs. Along lymph vessels are small bean-shaped glandular nodules called lymph nodes.[5]
Muscular system
- Main Article: Muscular system
The muscular system produces body movement and it is also primarily responsible for the movement of blood throughout the body. In vertebrates the muscular system is controlled primarily by the nervous system. There are some muscles that work autonomously from the nervous system which allow the body to run more smoothly. The muscles of the body allow for every movement in your body, and are also used in things not normally noticed. The movement of blood through your veins, the moving of the eyes is all controlled by your muscular system. [6]
Nervous system
- Main Article: Nervous system
The nervous system regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli by carrying information to and from all parts of the body through a vast network of nerve cells. It has two basic parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves outside the CNS (i.e. motor and sensory system functions).
Reproductive system
- Main Article: Reproductive system
Respiratory system
- Main Article: Respiratory system
Skeletal system
- Main Article: Skeletal system
The skeletal system provides support and protection for animals. There are two main types of skeletal systems. The endoskeleton is an interal support system of the type possessed by humans and other vertebrates, which is made of bone. The exoskeleton is an external system that was designed for many invertebrates such as the crustaceans and insects. The composition of exoskeletons vary widely, but known constituents include calcium salts, protein, carbohydrates (chitin) and silicate.
Sensory system
- Main Article: Sensory system
Sensory systems are designed to detect signals from the environment, such as sound waves, odors, and tastes. Sensory organs like eyes, ears, nose, and the tongue have specialized cells equipped for sensing specific types of stimulus. For example, you can hear the phone ring because sound waves vibrate hairlike projections (called stereocilia) that extend from cells in your inner ear. The message is then communicated through the nervous system. Similarly, to see and smell the world around you and taste its variety of flavors, your body must convey molecular signals from the environment into your sensory cells.[7]
Olfactory system
- Main Article: Olfactory system
The olfactory system is a biological sensory system designed to detect odors. Like other sensory organs, the nose has specialized cells equipped for detecting signals from the environment. The message is then communicated through the nervous system.[8]
Visual system
- Main Article: Visual system
Auditory system
- Main Article: Auditory system
References
- ↑ Body by Design by Alan Gillen. Masterbooks. 2001. p 12
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Circulatory system by Wikipedia
- ↑ Purves, William. Life the Science of Biology. 2005. Couriers Company Inc. p 941.
- ↑ Understanding Cancer Series: The Immune System by the the National Cancer Institute
- ↑ Lymphatic System by the National Cancer Institute.
- ↑ Muscle by Wikipedia
- ↑ Inside the Cell. Chapter 3 On the Job: Cellular Specialties By Alison Davis. by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
- ↑ Inside the Cell. Chapter 3 On the Job: Cellular Specialties By Alison Davis. by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
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