Cuckoo bumblebee
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| fernaldae |
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Introduction
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Anatomy
Most recognizable, the cuckoo Bumblebee is similar to furry yellow bees. Bumblebees range in size from about half an inch to a full inch in length with usual patterns of bands of yellow and black, with occasional red or orange. Even though the size,m color and patter can distinguish species, they can still vary in qualities quite a bit. Cuckoo bumblebees, resemble other bumblebees but lack the ability to gather pollen, forcing them into a parasitic lifestyle. The bumblebee body can be divided into three main parts: The head, which can be quite difficult to see, the thorax which has the wings and legs attached with various large black rings, the biggest, being the flight muscles, and the abdomen which has the honey pouch for storing nectar, the sting, the wax glands and all the digestive and reproductive organs.
REPRODUCTION
In the Autumn, young cuckoo queens mate with males and diapause during the winter. Commonly they retreat to a sheltered area during this process weather it be in the ground or in a man-made structure. In early spring, the queen comes out of isolation and finds a suitable place to create her colony. the Cuckoo Bumblebee, taking on a parasitic lifestyle, establishes and locates a nest by smell. When she has found a nest that is pleasing to her she will go in and sting the existing queen to death, taking over the hive and using the workers to rear her young. Another procedure that is common, is to sneak in and hide for a couple days, absorbing the cent of the hive. When she has finally obtained the natural smell of the hive, she would be excepted and would feel comfortable laying her eggs there. This method is destructive for the nest because Cuckoo larva only consumes resources and do not contribute. Soon the the hive will destruct and the queen bee will go and find another male and hive to repeat the process.
Ecology
Cuckoo Bumblebees are usually found in high latitudes and higher altitudes, but exceptions are more commonly becoming visual. specific species range into very cold climates where other bees are not usually found. One reason for this is that Cuckoos (as do other bees) can regulate their body temperature, radiation, internal mechanisms of shivering and radiative cooling from abdomen. Other bees have similar physiology but are not as apparent.
In Danger?
Bumblebees are in danger in many countries because of the habitat and the destruction to nature's natural life habitat. In Britain, 19 species of native bumblebees were discovered along with cuckoo bumblebees to have become extinct, eight are in serious decline, and only six remain widespread. A decrease in bumblebee population could cause drastic changes to the countryside, leading to inadequate pollination of certain plants.
(The world's first bumblebee sanctuary was established at Vane Farm in the Loch Leven National Nature Reserve in Scotland in 2008.)
now a days
Bumblebees are becoming cultured for agricultural use as pollinators because they can pollinate plant species that other pollinators cannot by using a technique known as "buzz pollination". For example, bumblebee colonies are often placed in tomato greenhouses, because the frequency of buzzing of a bumblebee effectively releases tomato pollen.
Buzzed
One misconception of bees is the assumption that the buzzing noised from a bumble bee is that of their beating wings. The sound is actually the bee vibrating its flight muscles as the muscles are separated from the wings—a feature only known in bees. This is especially emphasized in bumblebees, as they warm up their bodies to get airborne and decrease in temperatures. Bumblebees have been known to reach an internal temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) using this method.
The familiar buzz of a flying Bumblebee inspired the famous orchestral piece "Flight of the Bumblebee".
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References
- Bombus by Wikispecies.
- Cuckoo Bumblebee by Wikipedia, publisher, 18 June 2009.
- [1] by About.com, New York Times Comp.
- [2] by Wikipedia, 20 November 2009
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