Hydrogen fluoride
| Hydrogen fluoride | |
|---|---|
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| |
| General | |
| Systematic name | Hydrogen Fluoride |
| Other names |
FLO |
| Molecular formula | HF |
| SMILES | [F-] |
| Molar mass | Molar mass::20.0063 |
| Appearance | colorless |
| CAS number | CAS number::7664-39-3 |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | Density:: 1.15, ? |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| Melting point | Melting point:: -118.4 degrees F |
| Boiling point | Boiling point:: 67.14 degrees F |
| Acidity (pKa) | 3.17 |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | |
| Dipole moment | 1.86D D |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | [1] |
| Main hazards | toxic if ingested or inhaled, corrosive to the eyes |
| NFPA 704 |
0
4
1
|
| Flash point | Non Applicable |
| RTECS number | MW7875000 |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions |
Hydrogen chloride |
| Other cations | Sodium fluoride |
| Related compounds | Hydrofluoric acid |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Disclaimer and references | |
Hydrogen Fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula HF. Its Molecular weight is 20.01 grams/mol. It is a colorless gas but it has a strong rancid odor. Dry Hydrogen Fluoride can be created in a laboratory by heating anhydrous potassium hydrogen fluoride and then collecting all of the gas that has been created. There are many uses for Hydrogen Fluoride, including helping in antidepressants, nuclear weapons, and pesticides as it kills bugs instantly when it kills them. Many health hazards exist from Hydrogen Fluoride, although it is not cancerous, it can be quite damaging to the internal organs when it is inhaled too much, but bone density growth increased when a minor amount was taken by some workers.
Properties
Hydrogen fluoride has some interesting properties, and with these properties we can learn what there is to learn about it. First off, its formula is HF. Its molecular weight is 20.01 lbs/mol. The critical temperature is 370 degrees Fahrenheit, and Its Critical Pressure is 940.5 (psia). The Boiling point for Hydrogen Fluoride is 67.14 degrees Fahrenheit, and its Melting point is -118.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The psat at 70 degrees Fahrenheit is 15.54, and the Liquid Density at 70 degrees Fahrenheit is 60.26.[1].
Other properties of Hydrogen Fluoride include the fact that it is colorless gas, but it has a strong irritating odor. In all proportions of water, it is soluble. Hydrogen Fluoride also is non-flammable, and it is 30% less dense than air. [2].These are just about all of the known properties of Hydrogen Fluoride, and they are what needs to be known in order to perform experiments using this compound.
Synthesis
The synthesis of Hydrogen fluoride is quite complicated, but it can be created. Hydrogen Fluoride gas may be made on very large scales (20000 tonnes par year) by the reaction of calcium(II) fluoride, CaF2, with sulfuric acid. Dry hydrogen fluoride gas can be created in a laboratory by heating anhydrous potassium hydrogen fluoride and then collecting all of the gas that has been created. [3]. It is commercially produced when purified calcium fluoride is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce the gas, which can be condensed when it is cooled or dissolved in water. Fluorine itself is naturally occurring, and combines with elements like hydrogen to make compounds.
Uses
Hydrogen Fluoride has many common uses in life nowadays. Pharmaceutical uses often include Prozac, Zoloft and some other pharmaceutical drugs that are used to treat depression and other mental conditions. Hydrogen Fluoride is used in drinking water in the United States and also in toothpastes in order to clean teeth. This can be toxic in large amounts, but the amounts used in water are quite safe. Controversy exists over this, because some experts believe that there is too much intake of Hydrogen Fluoride, however for right now, it seems to be a safe amount. Hydrogen fluoride is also used in the glass etching, electronic, and chemical industries.
Pesticides often use Hydrogen Fluoride, since it kills insects instantly when it hits them. However, since Hydrogen Fluoride can be toxic when ingested in large amounts, all fruits and vegetables should be washed before being eaten because Hydrogen Fluoride is used as a pesticide and is on those fruits and vegetables. It also is used in weaponry these days. It is a component in nuclear weapons, and the compound itself in a liquid or gas form could be deadly to humans if ingested by itself. [4].
Health Hazards
There are quite a few hazards that come along with Hydrogen Fluoride. Cancer is not a high risk, although some cases of cancer were reported where workers worked with fluorine, but there were also other chemicals that were involved, so it could be likely that fluorine was not the cause. Women have experienced menstrual irregularities when they have been exposed to fluoride; however there weren't any differences were found in the numbers of pregnancies, miscarriages, or births. Male dogs often experienced testicular degeneration when they inhale Hydrogen Fluoride. Ocular irritations and dermal burns will occur if the compound touches them. Animals also often experience lung damage and other internal damage when exposed to this compound. Chronic oral exposure to fluoride at low levels has a beneficial effect of dental cavity prevention. Fluoride can also be used to treat osteoporosis. Increased bone density has been found among workers who are chronically exposed to Hydrogen Fluoride. Humans who ingest too much Hydrogen Fluoride often experience convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia, and death. [5].
References
- ↑ Physical Properties for Hydrogen Fluoride "Air Products" web. January 20, 2014 (Date-of-Access).
- ↑ Hydrogen Fluoride "IVHHN" January 21, 2014. (Date-of-Access)
- ↑ Hydrogen Compounds: hydrogen fluoride "Web Elements" January 20, 2014. (Date-of-Access).
- ↑ Common Uses for Hydrogen Fluoride "eHow" January 20, 2014. (Date-of-Access).
- ↑ Hydrogen Fluoride "EPA" January 20, 2014. (Date-of-Access).
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