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→Israel in Egypt and the Exodus
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* - Pithom. - '''Exodus 1:11'''. | * - Pithom. - '''Exodus 1:11'''. | ||
* - '''See:''' '''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithom''' | * - '''See:''' '''http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003504?q=pithom&p=par''' | ||
* - '''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithom''' | |||
* - On. - ('''Genesis 41:45, 50'''). | * - On. - ('''Genesis 41:45, 50'''). | ||
* - '''See:''' '''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient)''' | * - '''See:''' '''http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003325''' | ||
* - '''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient)''' | |||
* - Rameses. - '''Genesis 47:6, 11, Exodus 1:11; 12:37; Numbers 33:3-5'''. | * - Rameses. - '''Genesis 47:6, 11, Exodus 1:11; 12:37; Numbers 33:3-5'''. | ||
* - '''See:''' ('''http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003611''') | |||
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* - The book of Exodus engenders trust in the Bible. - ('''Exodus 9:31, 32''' (Egyptian crops), '''Exodus 26:14 ''' (Sealskins). - ('''http://creation.mobi/did-moses-really-write-genesis''') | * - The book of Exodus engenders trust in the Bible. - ('''Exodus 9:31, 32''' (Egyptian crops), '''Exodus 26:14 ''' (Sealskins). - ('''http://creation.mobi/did-moses-really-write-genesis''') | ||
* - The Beni Hasan tomb painting (believed by some to dated to the 12th Dynasty) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan#Tomb_3_.28Khnumhotep_II.29''') | * - The Beni Hasan tomb painting (believed by some to dated to the 12th Dynasty) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Hasan#Tomb_3_.28Khnumhotep_II.29''') | ||
* - '''13th dynasty'''. - "Egyptian slave list" (Papyrus: Brooklyn 35.1446.) Which is an ancient list containing the names of slaves many are Semitic in origin) slave list dated to the reign of Pharaoh Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III. - (Problem is his reign is dated by scholars to circa 1755-1751, which is approximately 100 earlier than Joseph's death) | * - '''13th dynasty'''. - "Egyptian slave list" (Papyrus: Brooklyn 35.1446.) Which is an ancient list containing the names of slaves many are Semitic in origin) slave list dated to the reign of Pharaoh Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III. - (Problem is his reign is dated by scholars to circa 1755-1751, which is approximately 100 earlier than Joseph's death) | ||
* - Joseph became Prime Minster/Vizier of Egypt. - ('''1737 B.C.E.''') | * - Joseph became Prime Minster/Vizier of Egypt. - ('''1737 B.C.E.''') | ||
* - '''Potipherah'''. | * - '''Potipherah'''. | ||
* - "His name means "he whom Ra has given"." - Wikipedia. - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potipherah''') | * - "His name means "he whom Ra has given"." - Wikipedia. - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potipherah''') | ||
* - '''Famine Notes:''' signs of famine might obvious at first glance. | * - '''Famine Notes:''' signs of famine might obvious at first glance. | ||
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* - A sudden lack of animal bones in an area with the same carbon dating. | * - A sudden lack of animal bones in an area with the same carbon dating. | ||
* - A large number of human remains in one area all displaying the symptoms of starvation. (such as pitting in the eye sockets.) | * - A large number of human remains in one area all displaying the symptoms of starvation. (such as pitting in the eye sockets.) | ||
* - '''These indicators of a famine may lend support:''' | * - '''These indicators of a famine may lend support:''' | ||
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* - Geological layers showing a large amount of soil without any plant remains. | * - Geological layers showing a large amount of soil without any plant remains. | ||
* - Signs of climate deterioration-ie fertile land becoming much dryer or vice versa, causing a drop in food production. | * - Signs of climate deterioration-ie fertile land becoming much dryer or vice versa, causing a drop in food production. | ||
* - '''Jacob/Israel enters Egypt''' - ('''1728 B.C.E.''') | * - '''Jacob/Israel enters Egypt''' - ('''1728 B.C.E.''') | ||
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* - Joseph is given the titles: "a father of pharaoh" ('''Genesis 45:8''') which was also given to the vizier Yuya (circa 1390 B.C.E.) and is somewhat similar to the Egyptian title: "it-netjer," meaning "father of God", given to Ay and Aperel, abut not blasphemous. - ('''https://www.google.ca/search?client=safari&hl=en&q=egyptian+%22God's+father%22&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=768&bih=928&dpr=2&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=JJ4yUqH_Dob-rAGkxoHwCQ#biv=i%7C6%3Bd%7C7pCvBKcW2xI8kM%3A'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay'''),('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperel'''). Zaphnath-Paaneah ('''Genesis 41:45'''). - ('''http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081109021824AABu8V0''') It is possible that part of history of Joseph was credit to Imhotep instead as reflected in the famine stele at Sehel Island. ('''http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_Stela'''). | * - Joseph is given the titles: "a father of pharaoh" ('''Genesis 45:8''') which was also given to the vizier Yuya (circa 1390 B.C.E.) and is somewhat similar to the Egyptian title: "it-netjer," meaning "father of God", given to Ay and Aperel, abut not blasphemous. - ('''https://www.google.ca/search?client=safari&hl=en&q=egyptian+%22God's+father%22&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aWM,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=768&bih=928&dpr=2&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=JJ4yUqH_Dob-rAGkxoHwCQ#biv=i%7C6%3Bd%7C7pCvBKcW2xI8kM%3A'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay'''),('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperel'''). Zaphnath-Paaneah ('''Genesis 41:45'''). - ('''http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081109021824AABu8V0''') It is possible that part of history of Joseph was credit to Imhotep instead as reflected in the famine stele at Sehel Island. ('''http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_Stela'''). | ||
* - '''Joseph dies''' - ('''1657 B.C.E.''') | * - '''Joseph dies''' - ('''1657 B.C.E.''') | ||
* - '''El-Lahun''', an ancient Egyptian site. The site of El-Lahun is dated to believed to occupied during the 13th dynasty (circa "1802 B.C.E to around 1649 B.C.E." Wikipedia) and during the New Kingdom (Circa, "1550-1077 B.C.E") - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Lahun#Town_layout''') | * - '''El-Lahun''', an ancient Egyptian site. The site of El-Lahun is dated to believed to occupied during the 13th dynasty (circa "1802 B.C.E to around 1649 B.C.E." Wikipedia) and during the New Kingdom (Circa, "1550-1077 B.C.E") - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Lahun#Town_layout''') | ||
* - '''Tell_El-Dab'a/Avaris site:''' Hyksos ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_Hyksos'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_El-Dab'a''') | * - '''Tell_El-Dab'a/Avaris site:''' Hyksos ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_Hyksos'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_El-Dab'a''') | ||
* - '''Shutu''' ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutu''') | * - '''Shutu''' ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutu''') | ||
* - Moses is born (1593 B.C.E.) | * - Moses is born (1593 B.C.E.) | ||
* - '''17th dynasty:''' | * - '''17th dynasty:''' | ||
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* - Reeves, N. and Wilkinson, R. H. The Complete Valley of the Kings, London 1996. Pages 91-96. | * - Reeves, N. and Wilkinson, R. H. The Complete Valley of the Kings, London 1996. Pages 91-96. | ||
* - Dodson, A. and Hilton, D. The Complete Royal families of Ancient Egypt, London 2004. | * - Dodson, A. and Hilton, D. The Complete Royal families of Ancient Egypt, London 2004. | ||
* - '''Ineni''' (Jannes? '''2 Timothy 3:8''', Jonathan Targum commentary at Exodus 7:11-8:19) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineni'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambres''') | * - '''Ineni''' (Jannes? '''2 Timothy 3:8''', Jonathan Targum commentary at Exodus 7:11-8:19) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineni'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambres''') | ||
* - '''Puyemre''', Second highest to the high priest of Amun. (Jambres? '''2 Timothy 3:8''', Jonathan Targum commentary at Exodus 7:11-8:19), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puimre'''). ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambres''') | * - '''Puyemre''', Second highest to the high priest of Amun. (Jambres? '''2 Timothy 3:8''', Jonathan Targum commentary at Exodus 7:11-8:19), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puimre'''). ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambres''') | ||
* - '''Amenmose''' (the firstborn of Pharaoh Thutmose I and predeceased his father). - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenmose_(prince)''' | |||
* - '''Amenmose''' (the firstborn of Pharaoh Thutmose I and predeceased his father). - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenmose_(prince)''') | |||
* - '''Thutmose II''' (Pharaoh) "he fell a victim to a disease of which the process of embalming could not remove the traces. The skin is scabrous in patches, and covered with scars," - Wikipedia. ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_II#Mummy''') - (a possible connection: '''Exodus 9:8-11'''?) '''See:''' ('''http://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thutmose_II_mummy_head.png''') | * - '''Thutmose II''' (Pharaoh) "he fell a victim to a disease of which the process of embalming could not remove the traces. The skin is scabrous in patches, and covered with scars," - Wikipedia. ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutmose_II#Mummy''') - (a possible connection: '''Exodus 9:8-11'''?) '''See:''' ('''http://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thutmose_II_mummy_head.png''') | ||
* - '''Brick making in Egypt (tomb of Rekhmire) :''' ('''Exodus 1:14; 5:10-14''') See: the painting in the tomb of Rekhmire - ('''http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/37/3725/Q7SAF00Z/posters/painting-of-workers-making-bricks-from-the-tomb-of-rekhmire-thebes-egypt.jpg''') | * - '''Brick making in Egypt (tomb of Rekhmire) :''' ('''Exodus 1:14; 5:10-14''') See: the painting in the tomb of Rekhmire - ('''http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/images/P-473-488-90/37/3725/Q7SAF00Z/posters/painting-of-workers-making-bricks-from-the-tomb-of-rekhmire-thebes-egypt.jpg''') | ||
* - '''"Israelite house"''' - ('''http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=19&Issue=4&ArticleID=8''') | * - '''"Israelite house"''' - ('''http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=19&Issue=4&ArticleID=8''') | ||
* - '''An ancient Egyptian inscription:''' which seems possible referencing Israel earlier than the Merneptah. - ('''http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/ancient-israel/does-the-merneptah-stele-contain-the-first-mention-of-israel/'''). | * - '''An ancient Egyptian inscription:''' which seems possible referencing Israel earlier than the Merneptah. - ('''http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/ancient-israel/does-the-merneptah-stele-contain-the-first-mention-of-israel/'''). | ||
* - '''The Shasu:''' ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasu''') Reference to a transjordan people, maybe including Edomites, Moabites, Midianites, Ammonites, etc., | * - '''The Shasu:''' ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasu''') Reference to a transjordan people, maybe including Edomites, Moabites, Midianites, Ammonites, etc., | ||
* - '''The Ipuwer papyrus:''' dates to later than the 13th Century B.C.E. (1200's B.C.E.) no earlier than the 19th dynasty (circa, 1292-1182 B.C.E). - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipuwer'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt''') there some debate whether is about the 10 plagues or not and date of it's original composition. Though the theory of it being link to the 10 plagues is conversational. | * - '''The Ipuwer papyrus:''' dates to later than the 13th Century B.C.E. (1200's B.C.E.) no earlier than the 19th dynasty (circa, 1292-1182 B.C.E). - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipuwer'''), ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt''') there some debate whether is about the 10 plagues or not and date of it's original composition. Though the theory of it being link to the 10 plagues is conversational. | ||
* - '''Hazor'''. The Israelites make entry into land of Canaan at 1473 B.C.E. and a major conquest at 1467 B.C.E. ('''See:''' Hazor "burned" and "cultic objects that have been desecrated by the attackers.") | * - '''Hazor'''. The Israelites make entry into land of Canaan at 1473 B.C.E. and a major conquest at 1467 B.C.E. ('''See:''' Hazor "burned" and "cultic objects that have been desecrated by the attackers.") | ||
* - '''Merneptah Stele:''' (his reigned circa, 1213-1203 B.C.E, the 19th Dynasty) which seems to refer to Israel after the Exodus -('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele'''). | * - '''Merneptah Stele:''' (his reigned circa, 1213-1203 B.C.E, the 19th Dynasty) which seems to refer to Israel after the Exodus -('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merneptah_Stele'''). | ||
* - Some critics like to highlight there is little evidence of early Israelite settlements. However, this is to be expected because from the Biblical record the Israelites were nomadic for long time. | * - Some critics like to highlight there is little evidence of early Israelite settlements. However, this is to be expected because from the Biblical record the Israelites were nomadic for long time. | ||
* - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV''') Artapanus' writings (250 and 100 B.C.E.) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artapanus_of_Alexandria'''), Eusebieus, and Josephus. (Problem: scholars dates his reign to 1740–1730, far to early for Moses to have been born) | * - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV''') Artapanus' writings (250 and 100 B.C.E.) - ('''http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artapanus_of_Alexandria'''), Eusebieus, and Josephus. (Problem: scholars dates his reign to 1740–1730, far to early for Moses to have been born) | ||
