Evidence for the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt: Difference between revisions

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Evidence for the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt (view source)

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The Bible records that the [[Exodus]] occurred 480 years before [[Solomon]] laid the foundations of the temple.  This means that the Exodus would have taken place around 1446BC.
The Bible records that the [[Exodus]] occurred 480 years before [[Solomon]] laid the foundations of the temple.  This means that the Exodus would have taken place around 1446BC.


If the traditional dates of the Egyptian dynasties were right, one might expect to find evidence for [[Moses]] and the Israelites in the 18th dynasty, however, no such direct evidence has been found. There is evidence in the lines of the Pharaohs however, both in their names and the chronology of their succession. The names of Pharaohs that closely align with the name of Moses, would start with TutMoses-I. His daughter Neferu-Ra married TutMoses-II who didn't last very long. Neferu-Ra then changed her name to Hatsepshut and ruled as a Pharaoh because her son TutMoses-III was too young to rule. Hatsepshut had a vizier named Semnut, the images of which are strongly Semitic, leading some to suggest that Moses is Semnut. At some juncture, both Semnut and Hatsepshut vanish from the records and TutMoses III takes over, ruling the Egyptian kingdom in one of its most aggressive expansions for thirty years. He was succeeded by Amenhotep II, who reigned for only ten years, cut short in the prime of his own aggressive expansion. These forty years are purported to be the time of Moses' exile, and Amenhotep II would be the Pharaoh of the Exodus. In addition, neither Amenhotep II nor his successor, TutMosis-IV were first-born children, making them immune to the Passover event.
If the traditional dates of the Egyptian dynasties were right, one might expect to find evidence for [[Moses]] and the Israelites in the 18th dynasty, however, no such direct evidence has been found.  
 
If Moses was in the 18th dynasty, it does not make sense that the 18th dynasty Pharaohs would be named after him.
 
However, Moses was born in the 12th dynasty and lead the Israelites out of Egypt in the 13th dynasty, crippling Egypt and making it vulnerable to invasion by the Hyksos, then it would make sense that the 17th and 18th dynasty pharaohs might be named after Moses (eg [[Ahmose I]] [[Kahmose]] [[Thutmose I]] [[Thutmose II]] [[Thutmose III]]).


The Bible also mentions that the Israelites settled in the 'land of [[Rameses]]' or what is more likely, the 'land of [[Ra]]' (the fertile Nile Delta / Goshen) ({{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=47|verses=11}})and later built the towns of Rameses and Pithom ({{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=11}}).  The Pharaohs were usually named after the god of the Egyptians, [[Ra]].  'Rameses' means 'son of Ra'.  Rameses was also a pharaoh in the 19th dynasty but he had no association with the 'town of Rameses'.  We now that the town of Rameses was built by [[Senusret III]] (5th Pharaoh of the 12th dynasty).  'Rameses' was also used generically as a title for addressing Pharaohs.
The Bible also mentions that the Israelites settled in the 'land of [[Rameses]]' or what is more likely, the 'land of [[Ra]]' (the fertile Nile Delta / Goshen) ({{Bible ref|book=Genesis|chap=47|verses=11}})and later built the towns of Rameses and Pithom ({{Bible ref|book=Exodus|chap=1|verses=11}}).  The Pharaohs were usually named after the god of the Egyptians, [[Ra]].  'Rameses' means 'son of Ra'.  Rameses was also a pharaoh in the 19th dynasty but he had no association with the 'town of Rameses'.  We now that the town of Rameses was built by [[Senusret III]] (5th Pharaoh of the 12th dynasty).  'Rameses' was also used generically as a title for addressing Pharaohs.
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