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Tooth-necked fungus beetle: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Donacia-transparent.png|thumb|150px|left|''An illustration allowing for clearer observation of the tooth-necked fungus beetle's body structure.'']] | [[File:Donacia-transparent.png|thumb|150px|left|''An illustration allowing for clearer observation of the tooth-necked fungus beetle's body structure.'']] | ||
Derodontidae, a family of beetles, part of its own superfamily, [[Derodontoidea]], is commonly called tooth-necked fungus beetles. They are closely related to the [[Bostrichoidea]], of which the death watch beetles, skin beetles, and powder-post beetles belong to. There are about 10 species in 4 genera in Derodontidae. | Derodontidae, a family of beetles, part of its own superfamily, [[Derodontoidea]], is commonly called tooth-necked fungus beetles. They are closely related to the [[Bostrichoidea]], of which the death watch beetles, skin beetles, and powder-post beetles belong to. There are about 10 species in 4 genera in Derodontidae. | ||
Members of Derodontidae are relatively small,, between 2 and 6 mm in length, with spiny margins on their pronotum (part of the thorax) of which they are named after. The [[Laricobius]], a genus of Derodontidae, doesn't have these spines. They have two ocelli (a type of simple eye common to invertebrates, consisting of retinal cells, pigments, and nerve fibers.) <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ocelli]. "ocelli. (n.d.).". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011. Author unknown. </ref> on the top of their heads.<ref>[http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Derodontidae&offset=0]. "Research Results For 'Derodontidae'". Web. accessed at: 8 november 2011. November 8,2011. Author unknown.</ref> Their [[maxillae]] (one of the paired appendages immediately behind the mandibles of arthropods) <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/maxillae]. "maxillae. (n.d.).". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011. Author unknown.</ref> are exposed at the base. Their antennae are inserted before their small, prominent eyes and have large [[elytra]], (hardened forewings of certain insects, as beetles, forming a protective covering for the posterior or flight wings.) <ref> [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/elytra]. "elytra. (n.d.).". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011. Author unknown.</ref> which completely cover the [[abdomen]]. The tooth-necked fungus beetle's legs are moderate for its size. | |||
The colors of the members of this family are usually brown, brick-red, brownish-red, or brownish-yellow. <ref>John Lawrence LeConte. [http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=derodontidae%20body%20features&sig=K5UfzZJRXLER8CcrzD1m-Y38DVw&ei=CPq5Tq5gqP6JAruGrNcE&ct=result&id=hkBDAAAAYAAJ&ots=BzmDLf-k_D&output=text]. "Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, Parts 1-2". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011.</ref> | |||
== Life Cycle == | == Life Cycle == | ||
[[File:1276019.jpg|thumb|150px|left|''[[Laricobius Nigrinus]]'' larvae]] | |||
The tooth-necked fungus beetle, like every other beetle, goes through four stages of development, known as complete [[metamorphosis]]. The mother will lay a large amount of bright yellow eggs, in a hidden area, but does not protect her young. As the beetle matures, it will eventually hatch from its egg, but it is not yet in a form recognizable to most people. The newly born tooth-necked fungus beetle will be in its [[larval stage]]. The tooth-necked fungus beetle's larvae resembles the lady bugs' though the tooth-necked fungus beetles' is bright yellow <ref>G.M.G Zilahi-Balog, L.M. Humble, L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom.[http://web.ento.vt.edu/ento/people/814879/l_nigrinus.morph_can.ent_06.pdf]. "Life Stages of Laricobius nigrinus". Web. November 14, 2005.</ref> The larvae will continue to grow as it eats, shedding its exoskeleton several times as it grows. when the beetle reaches a preordained period, usually defined by food or season, the larvae will enter a pupal period, in which the larvae will undergo radical changes in its body. The pupae for the tooth-necked fungus beetle is also bright yellow, but darkens as it matures. <ref>G.M.G Zilahi-Balog, L.M. Humble, L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom.[http://web.ento.vt.edu/ento/people/814879/l_nigrinus.morph_can.ent_06.pdf]. "Life Stages of Laricobius nigrinus". Web. November 14, 2005.</ref>. After a period of about nine months, the beetle will emerge from its pupae, and an adult tooth-necked fungus beetle is born! <ref>[http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/insects/beetles/beetle_lifecycle.html]. "The life cycle of a Beetle". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011. Author unknown.</ref> | The tooth-necked fungus beetle, like every other beetle, goes through four stages of development, known as complete [[metamorphosis]]. The mother will lay a large amount of bright yellow eggs, in a hidden area, but does not protect her young. As the beetle matures, it will eventually hatch from its egg, but it is not yet in a form recognizable to most people. The newly born tooth-necked fungus beetle will be in its [[larval stage]]. The tooth-necked fungus beetle's larvae resembles the lady bugs' though the tooth-necked fungus beetles' is bright yellow <ref>G.M.G Zilahi-Balog, L.M. Humble, L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom.[http://web.ento.vt.edu/ento/people/814879/l_nigrinus.morph_can.ent_06.pdf]. "Life Stages of Laricobius nigrinus". Web. November 14, 2005.</ref> The larvae will continue to grow as it eats, shedding its exoskeleton several times as it grows. when the beetle reaches a preordained period, usually defined by food or season, the larvae will enter a pupal period, in which the larvae will undergo radical changes in its body. The pupae for the tooth-necked fungus beetle is also bright yellow, but darkens as it matures. <ref>G.M.G Zilahi-Balog, L.M. Humble, L.T. Kok, and S.M. Salom.[http://web.ento.vt.edu/ento/people/814879/l_nigrinus.morph_can.ent_06.pdf]. "Life Stages of Laricobius nigrinus". Web. November 14, 2005.</ref>. After a period of about nine months, the beetle will emerge from its pupae, and an adult tooth-necked fungus beetle is born! <ref>[http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/insects/beetles/beetle_lifecycle.html]. "The life cycle of a Beetle". Web. accessed at: November 8,2011. Author unknown.</ref> | ||
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[[File:5785612634 c06cfc504c o.jpg|thumb|150px|left|''The woolly aphid, kept under control in Canada with the help of L. erichsonii.'']] | [[File:5785612634 c06cfc504c o.jpg|thumb|150px|left|''The woolly aphid, kept under control in Canada with the help of L. erichsonii.'']] | ||
[[File:6202026877 98a22a5d92 o.jpg|thumb|150px|right|The black dot within the protective white nest, the pest Hemlock Woolly Adelgid has been ravaging the Hemlock of the eastern United States, and, if left unchecked, could eventually eliminate Hemlock from the area. ]] | [[File:6202026877 98a22a5d92 o.jpg|thumb|150px|right|The black dot within the protective white nest, the pest Hemlock Woolly Adelgid has been ravaging the Hemlock of the eastern United States, and, if left unchecked, could eventually eliminate Hemlock from the area. ]] | ||
The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid is an invasive pest within the eastern United States. Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake, both proud members of the family Derodontidae, have been introduced into the Eastern United States in 2003 to help control this creature http://www.mendeley.com/research/morphology-laricobius-nigrinus-coleoptera-derodontidae-predator-hemlock-woolly-adelgid/. They are an effective biological controller over the woolly adelgid. Members of Derodontidae ( L. erichsonii) have already been introduced into Canada in the 1950's to control the woolly aphid | The Hemlock Woolly Adelgid is an invasive pest within the eastern United States. Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake, both proud members of the family Derodontidae, have been introduced into the Eastern United States in 2003 to help control this creature http://www.mendeley.com/research/morphology-laricobius-nigrinus-coleoptera-derodontidae-predator-hemlock-woolly-adelgid/. They are an effective biological controller over the woolly adelgid. Members of Derodontidae ( L. erichsonii) have already been introduced into Canada in the 1950's to control the woolly aphid. http://www.canacoll.org/Coleo/Checklist/PDF%20files/DERODONTIDAE.pdf There is rigorous testing of the beetles to make sure they will not end up harming the environent rather than helping it, like in the disastrous case of the cane toad. These tests include: no choice and paired choice feeding, oviposition (Oviposition is the process of laying eggs by oviparous animals.) wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oviposition accessed 3 november 2011, and develpment tests with the invasive species, three other adelgids, and three nonadelgids. | ||
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1603/EN10193 L. C. Vieira,1 T. J. Mcavoy, J. Chantos, A. B. Lamb, S. M. Salom, and L. T. Kok | http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1603/EN10193 L. C. Vieira,1 T. J. Mcavoy, J. Chantos, A. B. Lamb, S. M. Salom, and L. T. Kok | ||
